Happy National Read a Road Map Day!

Today is National Read a Road Map Day. It encourages people to go on an adventure the old fashioned way, with a paper map! We took the advice and drove up through Crawford Notch this afternoon. 

A keyword search in the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room online catalog for the word "map" yields 475 results. Try it through this link here. 

The collection includes tourist maps from guidebooks, geological maps, soil type maps and even a  handwritten map by John Cannell on the back of photo on how to find the site of the Wizard Birch.

A search for the word "map" in our main library catalog here yields 21,118 items including maps, books on maps, and even novels with the word map in the title.

In this blog today, we will look at just a handful of maps intended to whet your appetite. Of course we would be happy to show you around our map collection and we do offer a free outreach program on historic maps and map making for local schools and community groups, 

Let's start with the 1853 Bond map. We have two copies here of the book that it came from here. (click on images to enlarge them).  The library has a number of copies of  Benjamin Willey's book, Incidents in White Mountain History. For preservation reasons one of the maps was removed from the book and cataloged and stored separately listed in our catalog here. 

Here is a detail of the map... 

... and details showing how it served as a road map following the route we took today. 

According to a description by Adam Apt on the White Mountain History website here, the map was issued in boards covered with cloths of different colors. In some copies, Benjamin Champney illustrations were printed on the reverse of the map; in others, these are printed on a separate sheet. 

Now let's look at Boardman's White Mountain Guide, 1858. As you can see this map features the mountain topography more prominently. FMI see this link here. 

Details:

Now let's look at the Eastman/Cavis map. 

This copy is from the White Mountain History website here. 

... with details here. 

One of our copies at the Henney History Room shows the problem (inherent vice) of maps that have been "tipped" into books. 

Again for better preservation the map has been cataloged separately here. 

Now let's go way back in time. Did You Know that the Turin Papyrus is thought to be the oldest recorded road map in the world? Historians believe that it was created around 1160 BC.

FMI see this link here. 

It is in fact also a treasure map. Inscriptions describe the "Mountain of the Gold”, the “Mountain of the Silver.” It is also the earliest known geological map because it showed the local distribution of different rock types, the diverse wadi gravels, and contained information on quarrying and mining.

Now for our final and most recent map. The map below was only created last month by cartographer Larry Garland and shows the planned trail into the Redstone Quarry as well as key landscape features and topography. 

 

Larry collected the GPS data points with his high quality "backpack" style equipment on March 27, 2022. 

For more information on this project or any local history topic contact us at the Conway Public Library.

Headin' for the Rhubarb...

... so they say.

While the deadline for removing bob houses from New Hampshire lakes and ponds is not until April 1, I would not recommend waiting until then. 

If you do, you are just "headin' for the rhubarb." 

Colloquially that phrase means you are about to "get into trouble," as explained in Rebecca Rule's New Hampshire dictionary of the same title. 

You can find her book in several libraries in the Mount Washington Valley. See this link here. 

However, phrases can have multiple meanings, or layers of meaning. In another, seasonal sense, the title of this blog can refer to the traditional role of heading towards the season of rhubarb, one of the early crops we harvest fresh up here. 

Historically in New England the rhubarb harvest is an almost sacred celebration as it represents the end of winter, the end of fear from famine and the promise of a new beginning. 

However in New England, the transition from winter to spring is not often quick nor consistent. 

While the astronomical beginning of Spring started more than a week ago, it will still be a bit before we can actually harvest the rhubarb. 

It will be almost two months before the cows go out, so historically farmers would check the hay left in the barn this time of the year. 

For most of us, this time of scarcity is more of an inconvenience than an actual struggle between life and death as it was for many in the past. 

Meteorologically winter has returned with a vengeance. We hear the weather on the nightly news punctuated with terms like wintry mix (sleet, snow and rain), arctic blasts, record cold and a frigid feel due to the wind chill. 

Charles Dickens wrote about this climatic variability when he said “It was one of those March days when the sun shines hot and the wind blows cold: when it is summer in the light, and winter in the shade.”

Other writers have sung the promises of spring and the harvest to come. Our own Eaton Poet, Thomas Randall wrote in his poem entitled "Birth of Spring and Death of Winter" that ...

Phebus comes with brilliant rays, 

Cuts short the nights t' increase the days; 

He now forsakes the southern pole, 

Around the northern start to roll. 

Phebus in Greek mythology is also known as Apollo or the sun. 

To learn more about the science behind the seasons see our previous blog here. 

In the last stanza he writes...

Here now I'll drop these scatter'd lines, 

And hope and wish for better times, 

When nature all shall join and bring 

Some livelier airs that all may sing. 

FMI see this link here. 

This optimism of spring is tempered by another, bit more well-known poet, Robert Frost. In "A Prayer in Spring" he opines...

Oh, give us pleasure in the flowers to-day;
And give us not to think so far away

While he refers to the pleasure of spring and the promise of the harvest, he continues... 

As the uncertain harvest; keep us here
All simply in the springing of the year.

His underlying theme is to both enjoy the moment, hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 

I had a lot to learn about New Hampshire when we moved here more than a quarter century ago. For one thing, I learned that I will always be a flatlander.  

In her dictionary, Rebecca Rule says in New Hampshire a flatlander is anyone born south of the state line. For those born in the White Mountains a flatlander is anyone born south of the notches. And for those hardy few who man the observatory on top of Mount Washington, a flatlander is everyone but them. 

I literally had to learn to read the signs of Spring. Instead of flowers in March, we get bright orange signs that read "Frost Heaves." 

You can read our previous blog on wicked nasty frost heaves and politics here. 

I discovered that perhaps the best solution is to laugh it off. See our previous blog here about the droll Yankee approach which coincidentally connects mud, hats, maps, bird feeders and local history.  

In her dictionary, Rebecca Rule tells a short story about frost heaves and politics, but I will leave it up to you to check out her book to read it. 

There is another humorist, Ken Sheldon who performs under the name Fred Marple from the fictional town of Frost Heaves. FMI see this link here and his facebook page here. 

During mud season the towns also post signs reading "Load Limits." I had to look that up too. 

Another "must read" Rebecca Rule book is Moved and Seconded. Town Meeting in New Hampshire, the Present, the Past, and the Future. 

You can find info about the book here. You can visit the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room to view our collection of town reports, ledgers and papers for the history of Conway. The Conway Public Library also offers a free public program on all things spring and seasonal for local schools and community groups. 

Not that long ago Conway went to an SB2 form of Town Meeting with the town elections and final voting on the town warrant articles coming up April 12. 

 

Now that's what I call headin' for the rhubarb!

Shrove Tuesday

This is the second in a series of blogs about winter. It follows an exploration of Candlemas here.  A future blog will explore more about how our ancestors survived the winter. 

This blog focuses on food. In a time before refrigeration and other modern technology winter was a time of hardship or even death. 

Living history, like the hearthside cooking event seen in the photo above, can help us understand more deeply the challenges our forebears experienced. In the past, most people were farmers and I consider understanding their basic experiences a significant part of researching family history and genealogy (something we do a lot of at the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room). Those photos and paintings and heirlooms of your ancestors become more meaningful when you understand the way they lived and we  offer many free outreach programs to local schools and community groups to accomplish that goal.

Today is Shrove Tuesday. as well as Mardi Gras, Fat Tuesday, pancake day and paczki day. All these have to do with the idea of celebrating the survival of winter.  Through living history programs we have taught basic historical skills such as ice harvesting, maple sugaring, food preservation, woodworking, etc. ... all of the skills common folk would have used to survive a cold, dark, New England winter.

Shrove Tuesday was also known as the deadline for weddings before Lent. Living history is also good way to understand how women were trained since childhood for the goal of being a "Good Wife." FMI see the book which you can get through the library here. 

Farm and time

The photo below helps set the tone for a farmer's winter. 

This plow, currently on display at Banners restaurant, is anxiously awaiting the Spring which starts on March 20. You can see the plow share in the snow behind the sulky seat. You can also see the hand and foot pedals/gears which control the action of the plow itself. FMI see our previous blog here. 

Another way of viewing the farmer's year is this chart from Thomas Hubka's book Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn. 

As fresh foods were not easily available during New England winters, many meals relied on preserved foods. For our previous blogs on preserving foods in the autumn for winter see here and here and here. 

Some of our outreach programs use a series of artifacts to explore technological change over time. For pancakes this might include the differences between a basic cast iron frying pan...

... to a specialized pan...

...to a automatic commercial unit. 

Now back to the little girl in the first photo above. As I said before, we did teach her the skills to survive a cold, dark, snowy New England winter with only nineteenth-century technology.  

However, she decided that the easiest way to survive a New England winter was to move to Florida where the hibiscus bloom in February... 

... and weddings are held under the palms in a subtropical garden. For more on our daughter's bridal path see our previous blog here. 

While spring starts all over the northern hemisphere on March 20, it will be a while before we can pick fresh strawberries up by Cathedral Ledge. 

In Florida the strawberry harvest festival starts in a couple days. 

FMI see here. 

March is also the beginning of the "march of the strawberries."

In his book The White Hills; Their Legends, Landscape and Poetry, Thomas Starr King starts his chapter on the Saco Valley with a strawberry story.

“We once heard of a traveller who went down to New Orleans, every spring and came North just fast enough to keep pace with the strawberries. He managed to rise on the degrees of latitude at even speed with the bounteous vines and ascending village by village and city after city plucked and ate and thus extended the spring time for his palate all the way from the Gulf of Mexico to Montreal.” 

Now that is a trip I would like to try myself! You can read the passage in his 1864 online edition, p. 137 here.

Candlemas: Superstition, Science and Art

As I write this...

... a storm is brewing.

 

However, it felt like a warm spring day when I walked up the stairs to work this morning. The temperature will swing from its current balmy 37 degrees down to minus 10 Saturday night. The skies will range from today's clear haint porch blue (a reference to a superstition - more on that later) to cloudy and overcast, to rain, to snow, and ice - all in the next four days. We will soon have our second nor'easter in as many weeks. 

This morning a furry rodent saw his shadow and forecast six more weeks of winter. 

Naturally, I thought of Samuel Lancaster Gerry's 1855 painting The Snow Line, Mount Washington, New Hampshire in the collection of the North Carolina Museum of Art. (FMI and to use their nice online zoom feature see this link here). 

You can divide the painting in half to watch the progress of the coming storm. 

On the right, you can see gray and pink clouds and patches of ultramarine and baby blue sky. Below that, you can see a man holding a staff with his ever watchful dog standing by. Presumably they are herding the cows that follow a line towards the water. Silhouetted on the ridge to the right is the last straggling cow and a man on horseback who brings up the rear of the herd.  

The left side of the painting shows the dark storm clouds coming in, the frosted branches of the trees, and the billowing, wind-whipped, puffs of snow. 

In the middle ground are the stark profiles of rocky ledges and beyond that in the distance the summit of Mount Washington, the tallest mountain peak in New England. 

 

In the photo below you can see the fascinating phenomenon of rime ice on the summit.  These feathery fronds of ice actually form into the wind which approaches from the left in the photo. 

With facilities like the observatory we have come a long way in weather monitoring and forecasting. FMI see this link here.

 

Winter on Washington has been a subject of interest for over 150 years, since the first over winter expedition of 1870-1871.  

In fact these frost feathers (rime ice) were featured in an illustration from the book that documented the expedition (facing p. 286). You can read it online here or see it for yourself in the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room here. 

The cover of the book celebrates the cog railway which still operates today (FMI see this link here). 

FMI see our previous blog here. 

In the following illustrations you can see some of the period meteorological instruments.  

One member of the party was a photographer and he created a series of stereoviews from the expedition. FMI see our previous blog here. 

While rare, there are a number of other winter related White Mountain paintings. You can see more of them at this link here. 

While the focus of these paintings is on the overall beauty of the landscape, they often capture little details showing activities of the period. 

Can you see the horse logging operation? 

and oxen below...

...farmers driving their livestock...

Look at the details included here to see the frozen laundry hanging on the line. 

However, it was not all work. There was also fun, such as ice skating...

... and magic. Maxfield Parrish was able to capture the essence of a winter twilight.  

Winslow Homer's dusky sleighing scene below is almost an abstract painting.  

We have several paintings on display in the Conway Public Library's History Hall.

Tuckerman's Ravine is a popular ski spot that can be skied well into the Spring. As there are no lifts here, one must hike up to nail that experience. 

Here are some of the routes skied in the ravine. 

Winslow Homer was adept at capturing evocative slices of life in his illustrations.  The period from about 1300 to 1850 was known at "the little ice age" and you can see that in this picture. 

In a future blog we will look at ways in which they kept themselves warm during the winter, what they ate, and how (besides a superstitious folktale about a groundhog) they forecast and prepared for the weather. 

To gain an intimate understanding of our New England winters, the Chocorua Lake Conservancy is hosting a Winter Camping Expo, on Saturday, February 12. FMI see this link here and here. 

 

Dedicated winter campers Geoff Burke, Dave Evans, and Sheldon Perry will share what they’ve learned about winter camping, trekking, and seasonal trapping and hunting, and offer a show and tell of traditional heated tents and trekking toboggans. Hot drinks and warm soups will be available around the campfire. Come when you like and enjoy the company of friends and neighbors out-of-doors, ask questions, and share your own winter camping stories.

For more information on this and other local history subjects contact us at the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room.

Frosty Woods

Recently a friend posted the illustration above by Susan Jeffers from a children's book on Robert Frost's poem along with the following on Facebook: “Three years ago this week, Frost’s poem “Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening” became public domain. That poem is ours now. So, tonight, drop me your favorite line or stanza from Frost and what it means to your life.”

My reply focuses on the opening two lines: 

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village though;

The opening lines of this poem naturally make me think about traditional New England vernacular land use patterns and farming practices. Isn't it the same for you? 

It raises the question, why would his house be separate from his woods? To address this enigma, we will turn to art, cartography, geology, ...  and of course lasers. 

Historically, to make the best use of the land a typical early New England farmer would own a variety of lots in different areas of a town. The best place for a sugar bush may not be a good place to pasture cows, or plant an orchard, or build a home, so depending on topography, soil types, elevation and so on different lots in different parts of town would serve different purposes. 

The land was organized by function - dooryard, barnyard, garden, crop fields, hay lots, pasture, and of course the woodlot. The paths connecting them were controlled by wood fences, gates, sheep dogs and stone walls. For our previous blog on reading stone walls from the ground and with lasers see this link here. 

These lot patterns can be seen in an early map of Conway on display at the Conway Public Library. 

A closer look at another version of that map shows that the Town founders adapted the size and shape of the lots to the land (click on images to enlarge them). 

Here is a laser produced relief map known as LIDAR that shows the underlying topography of the town. 

For example, the Cranmore Mountain area can be seen as a large blank spot. This was not assigned to any specific person but was instead considered common land. The lots in the flat fertile areas and along the low hills of town are large. The lots along the rivers are smaller, long and narrow to allow the greatest number of farmers to have their livestock have access to water. 

White Mountains artists captured scenes of livestock drinking from the Saco River in Conway, a practice that would not be allowed today.  You can see a number of them here. 

In his book, Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn, Thomas Hubka provides a great detailed explanation of these traditional field patterns. 

In his 1792 History of New Hampshire, Jeremy Belknap provided a "how to" manual for pioneers. He explains the kinds of soils that can be found under different types of trees and how that particular soil should be prepared there and what kinds of crops grow best in those soils. It also details the kinds of products that can be made from different trees and plants. 

Back to the children's book. I have always loved this edition of Robert Frost's poetry. You can check out this book with illustrations by Susan Jeffers at the Library as well as many other books she illustrated. 

For more information on this or any other Mount Washington Valley topic contact us at the Conway Public Library's Henney History Room.