A Tale of Two Paintings

Hanging behind the main desk at the Conway New Hampshire Public Library is a small painting by a relatively unknown artist, Charles Codman, depicting the scene of a famous avalanche, known as the Willey slide, that occurred in 1826 about thirty miles north of the library.

This painting stands silently at the heart of an almost fifty-year mystery, a kind of "identity theft" enacted by the art history establishment. The Codman painting is a key to breaking the code that hides the truth within another, larger, far more famous, view seen below painted by Thomas Cole now at the Smithsonian’s National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. 

The scene in the Cole painting has long been identified as the location of the Willey slide. 

 

 

But it is not.

 

Almost double the size and much more dramatic, the Cole painting is arguably the most famous example of White Mountain Art. Since at least 1969, the Cole painting has been incorrectly set into the canon of art history at the nation’s largest and most prominent universities and museums as the definitive interpretation of the Willey slide. FMI on the painting's interpretation at the National Gallery of Art see this link here.

 

Whole chapters have been devoted to explaining the symbolism and meanings of the Cole painting in its supposed telling of the Willey slide story.

Here are some of the erroneous claims that scholars have made about the Cole painting. It has been described by an art historian from Dartmouth as depicting a “Landscape of Terror,” from Wellesley as “a place of tragic destruction,” and from the Smithsonian as a scene of a “catastrophic avalanche.” Similar mistakes have been made by curators from Harvard, Princeton and Yale.

All of these scholars are wrong.

Even a quick and cursory comparison of the two paintings clearly reveals they do depict the same place. The topographic profile is strikingly different as can been seen from the shapes of the mountains, the heights of the ridges and the width between them in relation to the size and shapes of the buildings depicted in the paintings. The distinctive topographic profiles of each location can easily be seen today and have been clearly recorded by numerous artists over the years.

While intuitively obvious to the casual observer, these geographical distinctions have not been apparent to the eminent professors of art history with their doctoral degrees and extensive credentials. 

 

However, the differences are well known to New Hampshire's many hikers and White Mountain Art enthusiasts. It was a group of amateur art historians that initially pointed this misunderstanding out to me. They are amateurs only in that they do a job they are not paid for. Folks like Belson, Henderson, McLane, Robbins, Schomaker and Vogel do it for love, not money. However, they do a great job and it is their shoulders upon which I stand!

 

For those familiar with the region, the proper location of the Cole painting can be immediately distinguished by the large elephant head shaped rock formation to the left of the notch. 

 

This spot is actually about 2 ½ miles north of where the Willey slide occurred. You can get directions and more details on the history of these sites on your cell phone or computer through theclio.com app. 

For the Thomas Cole view here and for the actual site of the Willey Slide here.  

 

You can also virtually visit these two locations from the comfort of your armchair easily using Google Earth or Google Maps and confirm the clear differences in topography.  

 

While the point should be clearly settled on the topography alone, this conclusion is strengthened when cross referenced and approached from a number of other academic disciplines including architecture, botany, cartography, geology, photography, and even meteorology. 

 

The site of the Willey slide is clearly marked by a plaque.

 

 

 

 

There is a small museum nearby with artifacts from the family and a history of the event. There is a gift shop, ice cream parlor and restrooms as well as a spacious parking area and many trails to explore in the area. 

 

Some have suggested that perhaps Thomas Cole did not know where the Willey Slide actually happened and unwittingly painted the wrong location when he intended to refer to the story of the Willey Slide.

However a treasure trove of Cole sketches with his notations now in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts proves different.  

Cole's 1828 sketch below clearly shows that he understood the Willey House size and shape and it's relationship to the tall mountains that surrounded it (click on images to enlarge them).

For more info on this sketch see this link.

  

Cole's depiction of the building coincides well with a later post card and many other photographs of the building.

 

Now let's compare Cole's sketch of the Willey House above with his 1839 sketch of the Notch House below, now in the collection of the Princeton University Art Museum.

For more information on this sketch see this link. 

  

A similar sketch below was done by Cole's 1839 traveling companion Asher B. Durand. This sketch is from basically the same viewpoint and can be found in the collection of the New York Historical Society.

FMI on this sketch see the link here.

 

Durand's sketched is inscribed at lower right in graphite: "Notch House / White Mts. July 3rd. 1839"
Here are some details from the sketches. 

 

The sketches match up quite well with one of the earliest known American photographs by Samuel Bemis.

FMI on this 1841 photograph at the Art Institute of Chicago see here. Note for this blog I have flipped the image horizontally and lightened up the image. 

Note the cut and "blasted" tree stumps and the standing dead trees in the photos, the sketches and the Cole painting (click on images to enlarge them).

Here is another view showing the front of the barn from the Getty Museum with tree stumps around the barn and standing dead trees in the background.

 FMI on this photo see this link here. 

The Cole view was well known to artists and writers before and after Cole's first visit in 1827. FMI see the White Mountain Art website here and White Mountain artist and guidebook prints here.

The Bierstadt brothers included the view in a book of stereoviews that they printed. 

This fascinating book had the stereo lenses built into the cover of the book. 

Here again is Cole's painting. 

 Below is a photo of the view from September 25, 2020.

 

 Ironically, the sketches by Cole and Durand were done in the summer. However, in his painting, Cole resets the story into the autumn. He also adds a dramatic sky which a number of art historians say indicates the foreboding terror to come. 

  

  

However, if you look at this detail from the painting below you will notice a rising mist in the notch opening (click on images to enlarge them).

 

 

 

 A mist like this does not occur in advance of a storm, but rather after a storm has passed.

 

As a result, I argue that instead of a storm to come, this painting instead represents a storm that has passed and the sun coming out on scene. 

 

 While to our modern mind we may see all of the tree stumps as a sign of tragic devastation in what is now a protected park, during the time period a view like this represented the first step to clearing the fields for cultivation as well as the harvesting of the trees for timber.

 

 

 If you zoom in a little closer you will see an adult with a child and a dog. Smoke rises from the chimney. A stage coach heads on its way perhaps leaving paying guests and the most recent news at the Inn where community, commerce and domesticity reign.

  

All this, and the fact that historically, nothing significantly terrible ever happened at this location, I conclude that we should flip the long mistaken narrative completely from negative to positive and definitely not a landscape of terror.  

 

For more on the subject, contact the Conway New Hampshire Public Library's Henney History Room.

As we say in New Hampshire “live free and study art.”

Old News

Since my vacation, I have been trying to catch up on reading the news I missed. I started today by looking at the White Mountain Reporter newspaper from 1895. So I only have 120 years to go.

While some aspects of these papers are set in their time, it’s interesting to note how modern and familiar this newspaper seems today. The community correspondent reports (one from each section of town) are very much like today’s Twitter tweets or facebook posts. The text is short and the emphasis is on social interaction (who is doing what with whom, where).

Also like today, some of the posts are commercial ads or sponsored content set in among the news that “Mrs. Joseph Cheever of Portsmouth is spending a few weeks in town” and “B.F. Chadbourne of Biddeford has been at this summer residence here the past week” and the fact that it was “Poor hay weather” was the notice that “Jet ornaments, trimmings, silk and worsted gimps all to be closed out regardless of cost…”

You might have to google some of those phrases to understand their lost meanings to most of us today. Jet ornaments are made of black lignite, a type of fossilized wood. Carved or shaped on a lathe it has the look of black shiny plastic and was very popular during the time. A worsted gimp is a type of decorative fabric trimming used for borders of curtains, ladies’ dresses, and so on made by twisting fine smooth threads around a foundation thread to create a wide range of shaped patterns.  

There was a Church and Lodge Directory on the front page of each edition listing the times of many meetings. Not all the fraternal organizations are as prominent as they once were including the Grange, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Improved Order of Red Men.

Published each Thursday (same as today’s Carroll County Independent), it cost one dollar for a year’s subscription (that certainly has changed). There was a free year (six years) if you sign up for five years. Individual issues were three cents (eight pages usually). That would be $1.56 for a full year of 52 weeks. So you can save the more you spend.

There were also a lot ads that were not disguised among the social chronicle. J. B. Smith had his ad printed upside down to draw attention. It read “J. B. Smith, Conway, N.H. Manufacturer of Ladders and Chairs, Also dealer in Hay, Grain, Mill Feed, Oyster Shells, Scraps, and all kinds of Hen Feed. I handle the best quality of grain and my prices are as low as the lowest.” Sounds like my kind of place. Does anyone have a J.B. Smith ladder or chair made in Conway?

There is an attractive circular ad for “Bicycle Clothing.” It notes “We make a specialty of Patent Water-Proof Suits and Patent Elastic Back Shoes. These are just what every Bicycle Rider needs.”

Some things never seem to change. One headline read “Greece has a Hard Time” and reports it has political instability, its money is becoming worthless and it has a staggering debt (of $75 per capita).

Will someone in the future use your tweets and facebook posts to analyze your history and the historic trends of the time. According to some, they already are. … and that’s all the news that’s fit to print.